| Contents…
General EMC issues
Electronic Design Techniques for EMC
PCB design and layout techniques for EMC
EMC for Functional Safety
EMC Directive
EMC for Systems and Installations
EMC Testing
EM phenomena and EM environments
EMC for Pro-Audio
EMC filtering
EMC and Signal Integrity
Electrical Safety
We are arranging training courses
on the New EMC Directive 2004108/EC
and how it affects fixed installations and custom equipment
More details available
soon.
In the meantime email Alan
Warner
Click image above for details
of our NEW book entitled
EMC for Printed Circuit Boards
|
 General
EMC issues |
Banana
Skins
(pdf format) |
NEW (Nov
2006)
The compendium of the regular 'Banana Skins' column of interference
events and anecdotes, published in the EMC & Compliance Journal
since 1998 |
| List
of EMC publications |
NEW (Nov
2006)
Books, magazines, etc. |
| EMC
Awareness |
A website that introduces EMC techniques
by discussing how they relate to some actual interference incidents |
| Electronic
Design Techniques for EMC |
| Design
Techniques for EMC (2006) |
NEW (Nov
2006)
A series of six articles first published 1999 and updated since.
For electronic hardware designers
An updated, improved and much more detailed version of the 1999
series above. These have not yet been collated in one place, so
please find them in Issues 62 (January 2006) onwards of the The
EMC Journal. |
| Design
Techniques for EMC (1999) |
A series of six articles first published
1999 and updated since.
For electronic hardware designers |
| EMC and
Electrical Safety Design Manuals |
A set of four volumes edited and
mostly written by Keith Armstrong (formerly published by York EMC
Services Ltd in 2002).
They provide useful practical guidance to designers who are not
EMC or Safety specialists, to assist them in their work.
Volume 1 – What is EMC?
Volume 2 – EMC Design Techniques – Part 1
Volume 3 – EMC Design Techniques – Part 2
Volume 4 – Safety of Electrical Equipment
Please email Cherry Clough if you are interested
in a copy of these manuals (a charge will be made). |
| PCB
design and layout techniques for EMC |
| Advanced
PCB Techniques for EMC Series |
A series of eight articles published
2004-5 |
| EMC
for Functional Safety |
| Introduction
to EMC for Functional Safety (Word format, 96K) |
A general introduction to EMC for Functional
Safety, first presented at EMC-UK 2004. |
| EMC
and Functional Safety |
The IEE's 2000 Guidance Document |
Why EMC Immunity Testing is Inadequate
for Functional Safety
Conformity
magazine |
Search the Conformity Magazine website
for "Armstrong”. |
| EMC
and Functional Safety Resource List |
The IET's comprehensive list of resources
on EMC for Functional Safety |
| EMC
and Functional Safety Resource List |
New (Nov
2006)
Our comprehensive list of resources on EMC for Functional
Safety |
EMC-Related Functional Safety of Electronically
Controlled Equipment
Compliance
Engineering magazine |
EMC-Related Functional Safety of
Electronically Controlled Equipment
Search the Compliance Engineering website for "Armstrong”. |
| EMC
Directive |
| Latest
EC draft Guide on 2004/108/EC EMC Directive, 2nd edition. |
New (April
2007)
|
2004/108/EC:
Systems, Installations and Good Engineering Practices
(PDF format, 195K)
|
New (Nov
2006)
The new EMC Directive comes into force throughout the UK and Europe
in July 2007, and for the first time includes specific legal requirements
for fixed installations, system integrators and custom engineers,
including EMC documentation.
Although electrical installers have no legal obligations under
this Directive, they will probably find that most of their customers
(who do have legal obligations) will expect them to employ good
modern EMC engineering practices and provide them with the necessary
compliance documentation.
All this and more on how the new EMC Directive applies to everything
other than volume-manufactured products is covered in this article.
|
‘Self-Certification’
to the EMC Directive
(Word format, 380K) |
A discussion of what is meant by "self
certification" (Article 10.1 of the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC)
and how to go about it. |
Checklist for information
to be included in a Technical
Construction File (TCF)
(Word format, 55K) |
A table of the mandatory and other
information that should form part of a "Technical Contruction
File" (Article 10.2 of the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC). A useful
checklist for Competent Bodies as well as manufacturers. Always work
with your Competent Body from an early part in a project, to help
avoid disappointment later. |
Four
examples of Declarations of Conformity
(Word format, 57K) |
Four examples of Declarations of
Conformity:
1) EMC (Self-certification) + LVD;
2) EMC (TCF) + LVD
3) EMC (Self-certification) + LVD + Machinery Directive
4 ) EMC (TCF) + LVD + Machinery Directive |
CE
+ CE does not equal CE, what to do instead
(Word format, 474K) |
Simply combining CE marked items of
equipment cannot ensure EMC compliance for the finished product, system
or installation. |
| Four articles published
in the EMC
& Compliance Journal …. |
a) Adding up Emissions: a method of
predicting emissions based on the emissions from the individual units
b) Electronic BSE (Mad Cow disease)
c) Informing the Customer
d) 'Procedural' TCFs |
QA Procedures for EMC Compliance
Compliance Engineering
magazine |
Quality assurance procedures for
EMC Compliance in serial manufacture
Search the Compliance Engineering website for "Armstrong”. |
Acheive compliance using a spreadsheet
Conformity
magazine |
A method of predicting emissions
based on the emissions from the individual units, using a spreadsheet.
Search the Conformity magazine website for "Armstrong”. |
| EMC
for Systems and Installations |
| EMC
for Systems and Installations
Tim Williams and Keith Armstrong
Newnes, 2000, ISBN 0 7506 4167 3, Paperback, cost around £34
Buy on-line at www.newnespress.com
or from RS Components (Part No. 377-6463) |
This is a guide for systems designers
and installers faced with achieving EMC (electromagnetic compatibility).
It is valuable across a wide range of roles and sectors, including
process control, manufacturing, medical, IT and building management.
The EMC issues covered will also make this book essential reading
for product manufacturers and suppliers – and highly relevant
for managers as well as technical staff.
The authors’ approach is thoroughly practical – all areas
of installation EMC are covered with particular emphasis on cabling
and earthing. Students on MSc and CPD programmes will also find in
this book some valuable real-world antidotes to the academic treatises. |
The
Benefits of Applying
IEC 61000-5-2 to Cable Shield Bonding and Earthing
(Word format, 406K) |
Traditional practice is to bond cable
shields (screens) to the earth (ground) at one end only, using a length
or wire. This brief article says why this is very bad for EMC, and
explains how the IEC 61000-5-2 mesh-bonding approach works so well. |
| EMC
for Systems and Installations Series |
A series of six articles, published
2000 |
CE
+ CE does not equal CE, what to do instead
(Word format, 474K) |
Simply combining CE marked items of
equipment cannot ensure EMC compliance for the finished product, system
or installation. |
| |
|
| EMC
Testing |
| A series of booklets
on EMC phenomena and EMC testing |
Booklets available so far:
#1 EN 61000-4-8 – Magnetic fields, and immunity testing
#2 EN 61000-4-11 – Mains dips, dropouts, interruptions, and
immunity testing
#3 EN 61000-3-2 – Mains harmonics, and emissions testing
#4 EN 61000-3-3 and EN 61000-3-11 – Mains voltage fluctuations
and flicker, and emissions testing
#5 EN 61000-4-5 – Surges, and immunity testing
#6 EN 61000-4-6 – Conducted RF, and immunity testing
#7 EN 55022 – Radiated RF, and emissions testing
#8 EN 55022 – Conducted RF, and emissions testing
#9 EN 6100-4-2 – Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) and immunity
testing
#11 EN 6100-4-4 – Electrical fast transients and immunity
testing
#12 EN 61000-4-13 – Mains harmonics and interharmonics, and
immunity testing
#13 EN6100-4-14 – Mains Voltage Fluctuations and immunity
testing
Five more booklets will soon be published in this series. |
| EMC
Testing Series |
A series of seven articles published
2001-2,
With Tim Williams
Covers D-I-Y testing from low-cost to fully accredited |
On-Site
EMC Test Methods
(Word format, 375K) |
How to test equipment, systems and
installations, outside of a test laboratory. Testing using these test
methods can be often be used to support a Technical Construction File
(TCF) under the EMC Directive. |
On-Site
Test Method for the Close Proximity of Mobile Radio Transmitters
(Word format, 108K) |
How to test equipment, systems and
installations, for immunity to the close proximity of a mobile radio
transmitter. Testing using this method can be often be used to support
a Technical Construction File (TCF) under the EMC Directive. |
| Technical
Guidance Notes from the EMC Test Labs Association (EMCTLA) |
|
| EM
phenomena and EM environments |
Assessing
an Electromagnetic Environment
(Word format, 210K) |
A guide to assessing electromagnetic
environments: useful tables; a simple checklist to get started; simple
calculations and sources of information |
| A series of booklets
on EMC phenomena
and EMC testing |
Booklets available so far:
#1 Magnetic fields, and immunity testing to EN 61000-4-8
#2 Mains dips, dropouts, interruptions, and immunity testing to
EN 61000-4-11
#3 Mains harmonics, and emissions testing to EN 61000-3-2
#4 Mains voltage fluctuations and flicker, and emissions testing
to EN 61000-3-3 and EN 61000
3-11
#5 Surges, and immunity testing to EN 61000-4-5
#6 Conducted RF, and immunity testing to EN 61000-4-6
#7 Radiated RF, and emissions testing to EN 55022
#8 Conducted RF, and emissions testing to EN 55022
#9 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) and immunity testing to EN 6100-4-2
#11 Electrical fast transients and immunity testing to EN 6100-4-4
#12 Mains harmonics and interharmonics, and immunity testing to
EN 61000-4-13
#13 Mains Voltage Fluctuations and immunity testing to EN6100-4-14
Five more booklets will soon be published in this series. |
| EMC
for Pro-Audio |
Audio-frequency
screen current induced noise is negligible (as long as it is
prevented from flowing in the 0V)
(PDF format, 415K) |
First presented at the Audio Engineering
Society workshop on "Bonding and Grounding", Amsterdam,
23 March 2003 |
The
Benefits of Applying
IEC 61000-5-2 to Cable Shield Bonding and Earthing
(Word format, 406K) |
Traditional practice is to bond cable
shields (screens) to the earth (ground) at one end only, using a length
or wire. This brief article shows why this is very bad for EMC, and
explains how the IEC 61000-5-2 mesh-bonding approach works so well.
Other links and downloads on this page explain how it is that this
approach, which bonds cable sheilds at both ends, actually
benefits pro-audio quality and saves installation and commissioning
time – if the electronics are designed correctly. |
| Bonding
Cable Shields at Both Ends to Reduce Noise |
With Tony Waldron
Professional audio and similar applications |
| EMC
filtering |
Choosing and Using Filters
EMC
& Compliance Journal |
Guidance on choosing and using EMC
filters |
Choosing and installing filters
Compliance Engineering
magazine |
Guidance on choosing and installing
EMC filters
Search the Compliance Engineering magazine site for “Armstrong”.
|
Spotlight on Filters
Conformity
magazine…
|
A discussion on EMC filters and filtering
Search the Conformity magazine website for “Armstrong”.
|
| EMC
and Signal Integrity |
Signal Integrity and EMC
EMC
& Compliance Journal |
The relationship between Signal Integrity
(SI) and EMC
(Why good EMC design saves money by reducing development timescales) |
The following articles were published
in Compliance Engineering
magazine…
|
The relationship between Signal Integrity
(SI) and EMC
(Why good EMC design saves money by reducing development timescales)
Search the Compliance Engineering website for "Armstrong”. |
| Achieving
EMC compliance with the aid of a spreadsheet (Zip file 383K) |
Describes the use of the RSS method,
includes working spreadsheet. |
| Electrical
Safety |
| EMC and
Electrical Safety Design Manuals |
A set of four volumes edited and
mostly written by Keith Armstrong (formerly published by York EMC
Services Ltd in 2002).
They provide useful practical guidance to designers who are not
EMC or Safety specialists, to assist them in their work.
Volume 1 – What is EMC?
Volume 2 – EMC Design Techniques – Part 1
Volume 3 – EMC Design Techniques – Part 2
Volume 4 – Safety of Electrical Equipment
Please email Cherry Clough if you are interested
in a copy of these manuals (a charge will be made). |
Keith Armstrong has written and presented a great many
papers and articles that are not available as free downloads from their
copyright holders, or that we have not listed above. Contact
us for details, stating your area of interest.
